to pain

pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering.

pain, punishment, penalty / poena dare

to pay the penalty.

dŏlĕo, ŭi, ĭtum (doliturus, Liv. 39, 43 fin.; Prop. 1, 15, 27; Verg. A. 11, 732; Hor. Epod. 15, 11; id. S. 1, 2, 112; 1, 10, 89; Ov. M. 9, 257 al.; cf. also under

n. and a. [perh. root in Sansc. dar-, dal-, to tear apart; cf. Gr. derô, to flay; Ger. zehren, to consume; Eng. tear].

Corporeally, to feel pain, suffer pain, be in pain, to ache:

nequeo caput Tollere, ita dolui, itaque ego nunc doleo, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 45; id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

si cor dolet, et si jecur, aut pulmones, aut praecordia,

Cato R. R. 157, 7; cf.:

pes, oculi, caput, latera, pulmones,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:

caput,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 7; cf.:

caput a sole,

Plin. 24, 5, 10, § 15:

renes,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 21:

hirae omnes,

id. ib. 23:

oculi,

id. Most. 4, 2, 10:

pes aegri,

Lucr. 3, 111:

dens,

Plin. 20, 21, 84, § 224:

uterum,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 10 et saep.:

misero nunc malae dolent,

id. Am. 1, 1, 252; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 64:

non metuo, ne quid mihi doleat, quod ferias,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 54.—Esp., of the pangs of childbirth:

Lucina dolentibus Juno dicta puerperis,

Cat. 34, 13.—With acc. of part affected (late Lat.):

graviter oculos dolui,

Front. ad Amic. 16: doluisse te inguina cognosco, Marc. Aur. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5, 19, 34.— Impers.: mihi dolet, quom ego vapulo, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 22:

si stimulos pugnis caedis, manibus plus dolet,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 55.

Mentally.

Of personal subjects, to grieve for, deplore, lament, be sorry for, be afflicted at or on account of any thing (so most freq. and class.).

With acc.:

meum casum luctumque doluerunt,

Cic. Sest. 69, 145; so,

casum,

id. Vatin. 13, 31; Sall. C. 40, 2:

Dionis mortem,

Cic. Cael. 10, 24:

vicem alicujus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44; id. Att. 6, 3, 4; 8, 2, 2; 8, 15 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 29 al.: injurias alicujus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12 fin.:

aliquid,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 32 fin.; id. Fl. 24; Verg. A. 1, 9; Hor. S. 1, 2, 112 et saep. —

With acc. and inf.:

inferiores non dolere (debent), se a suis superari,

Cic. Lael. 20; id. Att. 6, 3, 4; Caes. B. G. 3, 2, 5; id. B. C. 1, 64, 2; Suet. Aug. 16 al.; Lucr. 3, 900; Verg. A. 4, 434; Ov. M. 2, 352 et saep. —With simple inf.:

vinci,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 62. —

With abl.:

laetari bonis rebus et dolere contrariis,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

qua (epistola) lecta de Atticae febricula valde dolui,

id. Att. 12, 1, 2:

delicto (opp. gaudere correctione),

id. Lael. 24 fin.:

laude aliena,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

clade accepta,

Liv. 5, 11:

injuriis civitatis suae,

id. 29, 21:

dolore alicujus,

Verg. A. 1, 669:

mea virtute,

Hor. Epod. 15, 11:

laeso Metello,

id. S. 2, 1, 67:

quibus negatis,

id. ib. 1, 1, 75:

successu,

Ov. M. 6, 130:

Hercule deo,

id. ib. 9, 257:

rapto Ganymede,

id. F. 6, 43 et saep.—

With de or ex:

de Hortensio te certo scio dolere,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 7; Ov. M. 7, 831; id. Tr. 4, 10, 84 al.:

quo gravius homines ex commutatione rerum doleant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 5; cf.:

tum ex me doluisti,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3; and:

EX QVO (sc. filio) NIHIL VNQVAM DOLVIT NISE CVM IS NON FVIT,

Inscr. Orell. 4609.—

With quod, quia, or si:

doluisse se, quod populi Romani beneficium sibi extorqueretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 9, 2; Ov. M. 5, 24; cf. Cic. Brut. 1, 5: doleo, quia doles et angere, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2:

doliturus, si placeant spe deterius nostra,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 89; cf. Cic. Planc. 1.—

Absol.:

ah! nescis quam doleam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 61:

et desperant et dolent et novissime oderunt,

Quint. 2, 4, 10; 9, 1, 23; 9, 2, 26; Verg. A. 6, 733; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 12 et saep.:

pars dolere pro gloria imperi,

Sall. J. 39, 1 Kritz.; cf. Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 17.—So, dolentes, the mourners, Ov. M. 10, 142.—

Of subjects not personal, to pain one (rare and mostly ante-class.).

With dat.:

animus mihi dolet,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 54; Phr. Caput mihi condoluit. Str. Quid mihi futurum'st, quoi duae ancillae dolent, i. e. are a painful subject, id. Truc. 2, 8, 3:

dolet illud huic quod, etc.,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 49; id. Mil. 4, 8, 15; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 13; id. Ad. 2, 4, 8; Cic. de Or. 1, 53 fin.; Sall. J. 84, 1.— Impers., it pains me, I am grieved, I grieve.

With dat.: CONDISCES (i. e. condiscens = condiscipulus) CVI DOLET PRO AFRICANO, Corp. Inscr. L. 1, 2258 a:

mihi dolebit, non tibi, si quid ego stulte fecero,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 10; Caecil. ap. Cic. Cael. 16, 37; cf.

prov.: cui dolet meminit, Anglice,

the burnt child dreads the fire, Cic. Mur. 20, 42.—

With acc. personae:

frigida Eoo me dolet aura gelu,

Prop. 1, 16, 24.—

Absol.:

dolet (sc. mihi) dictum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40:

nec dolent prava,

Sen. Tranq. An. 2.—

► Pass. as deponent:

DE QVA NIHIL ALIVD DOLITVS EST (vir) NISI MORTEM,

Inscr. Grut. 793, 4, and 794, 2:

DOLEATVR,

ib. 676, 11.—Hence, dŏlens, entis, P. a., causing pain, painful:

nil dolentius,

Ov. M. 4, 246.—More freq., adv.: dŏlen-ter, painfully, with pain, with sorrow:

dolenter hoc dicam potius quam contumeliose,

Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 22; id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; id. Or. 38; id. Vatin. 4 fin.; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 24, 6; Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 4 al.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 6, 14.— Sup. does not occur.

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in-dŏlesco, lŭi, 3, v. n. and a. [in-dolor], to feel pain, to smart, ache (mostly postAug.).

Lit.:

locus tactu indolescit,

Cels. 8, 9:

oculi indolescunt,

Plin. 31, 3, 27, § 45.—

With acc., to feel pain at:

tactum hominum,

Just. 12, 13, 9.—

Trop., to feel pain or grief, to be grieved, troubled at any thing.—Constr. with acc. and inf., quod, or absol.; poet. also with abl. and acc.

With inf.:

quis (fuit), qui non indoluerit, tam sero se... cognoscere?

Cic. Phil. 2, 25:

aequari adulescentes senectae suae,

Tac. A. 4, 17:

successurumque Minervae indoluit,

Ov. M. 2, 789; 9, 261 al.—

With abl.:

facto,

Ov. M. 4, 173:

malis,

id. Tr. 2, 570.—

With acc.: id ipsum indoluit Juno, [p. 937] Ov. M. 2, 469.—

Absol.:

indolui,

Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 3.—In part. fut. pass.:

maeroris retia amicis et externis indolescenda,

Sid. Ep. 2, 12; Minuc. Fel. Octav. 5.

tormentum, i, n. [torqueo, an instrument with which any thing is turned or twisted].

Lit.:

tormenta telorum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57:

tormentis Mutinam verberavit,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 20; Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 4, 25; id. B. C. 1, 17; Hirt. B. G. 8, 14, 5:

machinator bellicorum tormentorum,

Liv. 24, 34, 2; Sil. 6, 279; Tac. A. 2, 81; id. H. 3, 20; 4, 23; Curt. 4, 3, 13.—

Transf., a missile, shot thrown by the engine:

quod unum genus tegumenti nullo telo neque tormento transici posse,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9;

telum tormentumve missum,

id. ib. 3, 51; 3, 56; Plin. 8, 23, 35, § 85; Stat. Th. 9, 145; Curt. 4, 2, 9.—

A (twisted) cord, rope: praesectis [p. 1879] crinibus tormenta effecerunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

falces tormentis introrsus reducebant,

id. B. G. 7, 22, 2:

laxare,

Quint. Decl. 19, 15; Grat. Cyn. 26; Auct. Priap. 6:

stuppeum,

App. Mag. p. 276, 14:

ferreum,

i. e. fetters, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

sine tormentorum injuriā,

Petr. 102.—

An instrument of torture, a rack.

Lit.:

verberibus ac tormentis quaestionem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5; 11, 4, 8; 13, 9, 21:

quaerere de aliquo tormentis,

id. Deiot. 1, 3; id. Clu. 63, 176 sq.; id. Mil. 21, 57; 22, 58; id. Sull. 28, 78; id. Off. 3, 9, 39; id. Part. Or. 14, 50; id. Tusc. 5, 28, 80; Caes. B. G. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 20, 10; 3, 5, 10; Suet. Tib. 19; 58; 62 al.:

tu lene tormentum ingenio admoves,

a rack of a mild sort, Hor. C. 3, 21, 13.—

Transf., in gen., torture, anguish, pain, torment, etc.:

cruciatus et tormenta pati,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 6; cf.:

tormento liberari,

Col. 6, 7, 1; so of the torture or pain of sickness, Cels. 7, 11; Plin. 19, 8, 44, § 155; 20, 4, 13, § 27; 22, 22, 37, § 79:

tormenta fortunae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 1: caecae suspitionis, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

invidiā Siculi non invenere tyranni Majus tormentum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 59; Juv. 2, 137:

esse in tormentis,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 9:

incredibiles cruciatus et indignissima tormenta pati,

id. ib. 1, 12, 6:

tormentum sibi injungere,

id. Pan. 86, 1:

bene tormentis secubituque coli,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 16; so of the pain of love, Mart. 7, 29, 1:

tormentis gaudet amantis,

Juv. 6, 209:

animi tormenta latentis in aegro Corpore,

id. 9, 18.—

A clothes-press, mangle, Sen. Tranq. 1, 3.

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ango, xi, ctum, and anxum, 3, v. a. ( perf. and sup. rest only on the assertion in Prisc. p. 895 P.; Diom. p. 366 P.; part. anctus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 24 Müll.; acc. to Prisc. l. c., the sup. is sometimes anxum; cf. Struve, 214) [the root of this word is widely diffused: ankos, a bend, hollow; whence, valley, ravine; from the notion of closeness, come anchô = to press tight, to strangle, throttle; ango; Germ. hangen, hängen; Engl. hang; angustus, anxius, anxietas; old Germ. Angust; Germ. Angst = Engl. anguish; from the notion of being bent, come ancus anculus, a crouching slave, ancora = Gr. ankura; angulus = Germ. Angel, Engl. angle; old Germ. Angul, a hook; Gael. ingle = nook for the fire, fireplace; ancale = ankalê, Engl. ankle; ancon, and the pr. names Ancon and Ancona; uncus, curved, crooked; ungula, claw; unguis, claw, nail; cf. Sanscr. ahus, close; ahas, anguish; ankāmi, to bend; ankas, the lap (sinus), a hook; for the other Greek words belonging to this group, v. L. and S. s. vv. ankos and anchô].

Lit., to bind, draw, or press together; of the throat, to throttle, strangle (so anchô; in this signif. antiquated; hence, in class. perh. only in the poets; in prose, instead of it, suffocare; cf. Diom. p. 361 P.):

angit inhaerens Elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur,

Verg. A. 8, 260; so id. G. 3, 497:

cum colla minantia monstri Angeret,

Stat. Th. 4, 828; 6, 270; Sil. 13, 584.—Hence, of plants, to choke, Col. 4, 2, 2; 6, 27, 7 al.—

Metaph.

To cause (physical) pain; hence, angi, to feel or suffer pain, Plin. 10, 60, 79, § 164. —

Most freq. of the mind, to distress, torment, torture, vex, trouble; and angi, to feel distressed, to suffer torment, etc.:

illum incommodis dictis angam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 11: cura angit hominem, * Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 8; * Lucr. 4, 1134:

cruciatu timoris angi?

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

multa sunt, quae me sollicitant anguntque,

id. Att. 1, 18:

angebar singularum horarum exspectatio ne,

id. ib. 9, 1 et saep.; Liv. 2, 7; 21, 1 al.:

ne munere te parvo beet aut incommodus angat (cruciet, cum non vult dare quod poscis, Cruqu.),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 75:

ad humum maerore gravi deducit et angit,

id. A. P. 110:

poëta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit,

puts in torturing suspense, id. Ep. 2, 1, 211 al.:

Pompeius... curis animum mordacibus angit,

Luc. 2, 680 sq.:

Ea res animum illius anxit,

Gell. 1, 3:

(aemula eam) vehementer angebat,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 1, 6.—With de (in respect to):

de Statio manumisso et non nullis aliis rebus angor,

Cic. Att. 2, 18 fin.:

de quo angor et crucior,

id. ib. 7, 22.—Sometimes with gen. (on this const. cf. Roby, II. §

1321): absurde facis, qui angas te animi,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6:

(Sthenius) angebatur animi necessario, quod etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 34, 84. But Cic. also uses the abl.:

angor animo,

Brut. 2, 7: audio te animo angi, Fam. 16, 142; and acc. to some edd. Tusc. 1, 40, 96 Seyff. (v. further on this gen. s. v. animus).

con-dŏlĕo, ēre, v. n., to feel severe pain, to suffer greatly (eccl. Lat.).

Universum corpus, Tert. Poen. 10.—

Trop.:

animo,

Hier. Ep. 112, n. 12.—

To suffer with another, to feel another's pain; with dat.: qui non condolent proximis suis, sed potius eos irrident, Aug. in Job, 19, 13; Vulg. Ecclus. 37, 5; ib. Heb. 5, 2.